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1. The Isabella Peso or Peso Fuerte
Main article: Philippine peso fuerte
The Isabelline Peso, more formally known as the peso fuerte was a unit of account divided into 100 centimos equivalent to 8 reales fuertes or 80 reales de vellón. Its introduction led to the Philippines' brief experiment with the gold standard, which would not again be attempted until the American Colonial Period. The Peso Fuerte was also a unit of exchange equivalent to 1.69 grams of gold, 0.875 fine (0.0476 XAU), equivalent to ?2,934.31 modern pesos of as of 22 December 2010.[4]
Coin production at the Casa de Moneda de Manila began in 1861 with gold coins (0.875 fine) of three denominations: 4 pesos, 2 pesos, and 1 peso. On March 5, 1862, Isabel II granted the mint permission to produce silver fractional coinage (0.900 fine) in denominations of 10, 20, and 50 centimos de peso. Minting of these coins started in 1864, with designs similar to the Spanish Silver Escudo.
2.The Alfonso Peso, the Spanish-Filipino Peso
A final attempt to standardize the currency in the Philippines was made by the Spanish government with the minting of a silver peso expressly for use in the colony and firmly reestablishing the silver standard as the Philippine monetary system. The coin, which was to be later known as the Spanish-Filipino peso, was minted in Madrid in 1897 and bore the bust of King Alfonso XIII. The specifications of the coin was 25 grams of silver .900 fine. This configuration was also used in the creation of the Puerto Rican provincial peso in 1895 giving both coins the equivalency of 5 pesetas.[5]
The new monetary standard finally established the Peso as 25 grams silver, 0.900 fine (0.7234 XAG), equivalent to ?942.535 modern pesos of as of 22 December 2010.[6]
The Spanish-Filipino peso remained in circulation and were legal tender in the islands until 1904, when the American authorities demonetized them in favor of the new US-Philippine peso.
3.] American Colonial Period
After the United States took control of the Philippines, the United States Congress passed the Philippine Coinage Act (March 3, 1903), established the unit of currency to be a theoretical gold peso (not coined) consisting of 12.9 grains of gold 0.900 fine (0.026875 XAU), equivalent to ?2,933.07 modern pesos of as of 22 December 2010.[7] This unit was equivalent to exactly half the value of a U.S. dollar [8] and maintained its purchasing power until the opening day of the Central Bank of the Philippines in 1949.
The act provided for the coinage and issuance of Philippine silver pesos substantially of the weight and fineness as the Mexican peso, which should be of the value of 50 cents gold and redeemable in gold at the insular treasury, and which was intended to be the sole circulating medium among the people. The act also provided for the coinage of subsidiary and minor coins and for the issuance of silver certificates in denominations of not less than 2 nor more than 10 pesos.
It also provided for the creation of a gold-standard fund to maintain the parity of the coins so authorized to be issued and authorized the insular government to issue temporary certificates of indebtedness bearing interest at a rate not to exceed 4 per cent per annum, payable not more than one year from date of issue, to an amount which should not at any one time exceed 10 millions of dollars or 20 millions of pesos.
从维基对菲律宾比索的介绍看，二者都属于金本位下的银币，但所代表的含金量完全不同。
前者（阿方索十二）应当属于 Isabella Peso ，1比索的重量是1.69克，纯度.875（正好和西属体系下1/2 Escudo是一样的）。
后者（美版）1比索的含金量是美元的一半，即1.672克，纯度.900的二分之一，大致相当于前者的一半。
二者中间还间隔了一种只在1897发行的阿方索十三1比索银币（竟然是银本位的），相当于西班牙本土的5比赛塔（也就是说当时的西班牙比赛塔也只是银本位了，根本无法按拉丁联盟标准兑换金币？）。
不过这只是金本位高度上的理论，贵金属硬币往往发行量不足，实际生活中还是很有可能相互组合使用的。
[ 此贴被endymion在2011-06-01 16:54重新编辑 ]
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